Similar to what Dave says, I think that if a barbel has a big munch on hard pellets etc, it needs to take on water to break them down. This is generally ok in higher warmer water temps where normal digestion takes place and it can go through their system quite easily. However, if the water temp drops, so will the fishes metabolism/digestion rate slow down, thus it's intestine can be full for a longer period. In some cases,especially in winter and a sudden change in water temp, the eaten food can ferment in the intestine, thus causing the fish to 'gas up' and will have trouble stabilising itself on the riverbed which could eventually result in surfacing and death, if it cannot get rid of the pellet/.food etc. So yes, taking on water to aid digestion will increase the weight of the fish, but it can easily drop the extra weight again by excreting it quite quickly in warmer conditions. We do hear of re-captured barbel weighing quite differently from one day/week to the next and this is one of the reasons...in my opinion. Ash's explanation is probably another reason as well.